State and cache optimization (#27)

* WIP pipeline/depth state cache rework

* Fix some issues

* Fix some more default values

* Reduce allocations for state changes

* fix helpershader stuff

* explanation comment

* fix depth bias

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/ComputePipelineCache.cs

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using SharpMetal.Foundation;
-using SharpMetal.Metal;
-using System;
-using System.Runtime.Versioning;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
-{
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    class ComputePipelineCache : StateCache<MTLComputePipelineState, MTLFunction, MTLFunction>
-    {
-        private readonly MTLDevice _device;
-
-        public ComputePipelineCache(MTLDevice device)
-        {
-            _device = device;
-        }
-
-        protected override MTLFunction GetHash(MTLFunction function)
-        {
-            return function;
-        }
-
-        protected override MTLComputePipelineState CreateValue(MTLFunction function)
-        {
-            var error = new NSError(IntPtr.Zero);
-            var pipelineState = _device.NewComputePipelineState(function, ref error);
-            if (error != IntPtr.Zero)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Failed to create Compute Pipeline State: {StringHelper.String(error.LocalizedDescription)}");
-            }
-
-            return pipelineState;
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/DepthStencilCache.cs

@@ -1,28 +1,11 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal.State;
 using SharpMetal.Metal;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 {
     [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    struct DepthStencilHash
+    class DepthStencilCache : StateCache<MTLDepthStencilState, DepthStencilUid, DepthStencilUid>
-    {
-        public struct StencilHash
-        {
-            public MTLStencilOperation StencilFailureOperation;
-            public MTLStencilOperation DepthFailureOperation;
-            public MTLStencilOperation DepthStencilPassOperation;
-            public MTLCompareFunction StencilCompareFunction;
-            public uint ReadMask;
-            public uint WriteMask;
-        }
-        public StencilHash FrontFace;
-        public StencilHash BackFace;
-        public MTLCompareFunction DepthCompareFunction;
-        public bool DepthWriteEnabled;
-    }
-
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    class DepthStencilCache : StateCache<MTLDepthStencilState, MTLDepthStencilDescriptor, DepthStencilHash>
     {
         private readonly MTLDevice _device;
 
@@ -31,41 +14,55 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _device = device;
         }
 
-        protected override DepthStencilHash GetHash(MTLDepthStencilDescriptor descriptor)
+        protected override DepthStencilUid GetHash(DepthStencilUid descriptor)
         {
-            var hash = new DepthStencilHash
+            return descriptor;
+        }
+
+        protected override MTLDepthStencilState CreateValue(DepthStencilUid descriptor)
         {
-                // Front face
+            // Create descriptors
-                FrontFace = new DepthStencilHash.StencilHash
+
+            ref StencilUid frontUid = ref descriptor.FrontFace;
+
+            using var frontFaceStencil = new MTLStencilDescriptor
             {
-                    StencilFailureOperation = descriptor.FrontFaceStencil.StencilFailureOperation,
+                StencilFailureOperation = frontUid.StencilFailureOperation,
-                    DepthFailureOperation = descriptor.FrontFaceStencil.DepthFailureOperation,
+                DepthFailureOperation = frontUid.DepthFailureOperation,
-                    DepthStencilPassOperation = descriptor.FrontFaceStencil.DepthStencilPassOperation,
+                DepthStencilPassOperation = frontUid.DepthStencilPassOperation,
-                    StencilCompareFunction = descriptor.FrontFaceStencil.StencilCompareFunction,
+                StencilCompareFunction = frontUid.StencilCompareFunction,
-                    ReadMask = descriptor.FrontFaceStencil.ReadMask,
+                ReadMask = frontUid.ReadMask,
-                    WriteMask = descriptor.FrontFaceStencil.WriteMask
+                WriteMask = frontUid.WriteMask
-                },
+            };
-                // Back face
+
-                BackFace = new DepthStencilHash.StencilHash
+            ref StencilUid backUid = ref descriptor.BackFace;
+
+            using var backFaceStencil = new MTLStencilDescriptor
+            {
+                StencilFailureOperation = backUid.StencilFailureOperation,
+                DepthFailureOperation = backUid.DepthFailureOperation,
+                DepthStencilPassOperation = backUid.DepthStencilPassOperation,
+                StencilCompareFunction = backUid.StencilCompareFunction,
+                ReadMask = backUid.ReadMask,
+                WriteMask = backUid.WriteMask
+            };
+
+            var mtlDescriptor = new MTLDepthStencilDescriptor
             {
-                    StencilFailureOperation = descriptor.BackFaceStencil.StencilFailureOperation,
-                    DepthFailureOperation = descriptor.BackFaceStencil.DepthFailureOperation,
-                    DepthStencilPassOperation = descriptor.BackFaceStencil.DepthStencilPassOperation,
-                    StencilCompareFunction = descriptor.BackFaceStencil.StencilCompareFunction,
-                    ReadMask = descriptor.BackFaceStencil.ReadMask,
-                    WriteMask = descriptor.BackFaceStencil.WriteMask
-                },
-                // Depth
                 DepthCompareFunction = descriptor.DepthCompareFunction,
                 DepthWriteEnabled = descriptor.DepthWriteEnabled
             };
 
-            return hash;
+            if (descriptor.StencilTestEnabled)
+            {
+                mtlDescriptor.BackFaceStencil = backFaceStencil;
+                mtlDescriptor.FrontFaceStencil = frontFaceStencil;
             }
 
-        protected override MTLDepthStencilState CreateValue(MTLDepthStencilDescriptor descriptor)
+            using (mtlDescriptor)
             {
-            return _device.NewDepthStencilState(descriptor);
+                return _device.NewDepthStencilState(mtlDescriptor);
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/EncoderState.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal.State;
 using SharpMetal.Metal;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -48,12 +50,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         }
     }
 
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct PredrawState
-    struct EncoderState
     {
-        public MTLFunction? VertexFunction = null;
+        public MTLCullMode CullMode;
-        public MTLFunction? FragmentFunction = null;
+        public DepthStencilUid DepthStencilUid;
-        public MTLFunction? ComputeFunction = null;
+        public PrimitiveTopology Topology;
+        public MTLViewport[] Viewports;
+    }
+
+    struct RenderTargetCopy
+    {
+        public MTLScissorRect[] Scissors;
+        public Texture DepthStencil;
+        public Texture[] RenderTargets;
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    class EncoderState
+    {
+        public Program RenderProgram = null;
+        public Program ComputeProgram = null;
+
+        public PipelineState Pipeline;
+        public DepthStencilUid DepthStencilUid;
 
         public TextureBase[] FragmentTextures = new TextureBase[Constants.MaxTexturesPerStage];
         public MTLSamplerState[] FragmentSamplers = new MTLSamplerState[Constants.MaxTexturesPerStage];
@@ -71,21 +90,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public MTLIndexType IndexType = MTLIndexType.UInt16;
         public ulong IndexBufferOffset = 0;
 
-        public MTLDepthStencilState? DepthStencilState = null;
-
         public MTLDepthClipMode DepthClipMode = MTLDepthClipMode.Clip;
-        public MTLCompareFunction DepthCompareFunction = MTLCompareFunction.Always;
-        public bool DepthWriteEnabled = false;
 
         public float DepthBias;
         public float SlopeScale;
         public float Clamp;
 
-        public MTLStencilDescriptor BackFaceStencil = new();
-        public MTLStencilDescriptor FrontFaceStencil = new();
         public int BackRefValue = 0;
         public int FrontRefValue = 0;
-        public bool StencilTestEnabled = false;
 
         public PrimitiveTopology Topology = PrimitiveTopology.Triangles;
         public MTLCullMode CullMode = MTLCullMode.None;
@@ -102,8 +114,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public ITexture[] PreMaskRenderTargets;
         public bool FramebufferUsingColorWriteMask;
 
-        public MTLColorWriteMask[] RenderTargetMasks = Enumerable.Repeat(MTLColorWriteMask.All, Constants.MaxColorAttachments).ToArray();
+        public Array8<ColorBlendStateUid> StoredBlend;
-        public BlendDescriptor?[] BlendDescriptors = new BlendDescriptor?[Constants.MaxColorAttachments];
         public ColorF BlendColor = new();
 
         public VertexBufferDescriptor[] VertexBuffers = [];
@@ -115,25 +126,52 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         // Only to be used for present
         public bool ClearLoadAction = false;
 
-        public EncoderState() { }
+        public EncoderState()
-
-        public readonly EncoderState Clone()
         {
-            // Certain state (like viewport and scissor) doesn't need to be cloned, as it is always reacreated when assigned to
+            Pipeline.Initialize();
-            EncoderState clone = this;
+            DepthStencilUid.DepthCompareFunction = MTLCompareFunction.Always;
-            clone.FragmentTextures = (TextureBase[])FragmentTextures.Clone();
+        }
-            clone.FragmentSamplers = (MTLSamplerState[])FragmentSamplers.Clone();
-            clone.VertexTextures = (TextureBase[])VertexTextures.Clone();
-            clone.VertexSamplers = (MTLSamplerState[])VertexSamplers.Clone();
-            clone.ComputeTextures = (TextureBase[])ComputeTextures.Clone();
-            clone.ComputeSamplers = (MTLSamplerState[])ComputeSamplers.Clone();
-            clone.BlendDescriptors = (BlendDescriptor?[])BlendDescriptors.Clone();
-            clone.VertexBuffers = (VertexBufferDescriptor[])VertexBuffers.Clone();
-            clone.VertexAttribs = (VertexAttribDescriptor[])VertexAttribs.Clone();
-            clone.UniformBuffers = (BufferRef[])UniformBuffers.Clone();
-            clone.StorageBuffers = (BufferRef[])StorageBuffers.Clone();
 
-            return clone;
+        public RenderTargetCopy InheritForClear(EncoderState other, bool depth, int singleIndex = -1)
+        {
+            // Inherit render target related information without causing a render encoder split.
+
+            var oldState = new RenderTargetCopy
+            {
+                Scissors = other.Scissors,
+                RenderTargets = other.RenderTargets,
+                DepthStencil = other.DepthStencil
+            };
+
+            Scissors = other.Scissors;
+            RenderTargets = other.RenderTargets;
+            DepthStencil = other.DepthStencil;
+
+            Pipeline.ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount = other.Pipeline.ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount;
+            Pipeline.Internal.ColorBlendState = other.Pipeline.Internal.ColorBlendState;
+            Pipeline.DepthStencilFormat = other.Pipeline.DepthStencilFormat;
+
+            ref var blendStates = ref Pipeline.Internal.ColorBlendState;
+
+            // Mask out irrelevant attachments.
+            for (int i = 0; i < blendStates.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (depth || (singleIndex != -1 && singleIndex != i))
+                {
+                    blendStates[i].WriteMask = MTLColorWriteMask.None;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return oldState;
+        }
+
+        public void Restore(RenderTargetCopy copy)
+        {
+            Scissors = copy.Scissors;
+            RenderTargets = copy.RenderTargets;
+            DepthStencil = copy.DepthStencil;
+
+            Pipeline.Internal.ResetColorState();
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/EncoderStateManager.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal.State;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using SharpMetal.Metal;
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using BufferAssignment = Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.BufferAssignment;
@@ -17,12 +18,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         private readonly Pipeline _pipeline;
         private readonly BufferManager _bufferManager;
 
-        private readonly RenderPipelineCache _renderPipelineCache;
-        private readonly ComputePipelineCache _computePipelineCache;
         private readonly DepthStencilCache _depthStencilCache;
 
-        private EncoderState _currentState = new();
+        private readonly EncoderState _mainState = new();
-        private readonly Stack<EncoderState> _backStates = [];
+        private EncoderState _currentState;
 
         public readonly Auto<DisposableBuffer> IndexBuffer => _currentState.IndexBuffer;
         public readonly MTLIndexType IndexType => _currentState.IndexType;
@@ -41,9 +40,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _pipeline = pipeline;
             _bufferManager = bufferManager;
 
-            _renderPipelineCache = new(device);
-            _computePipelineCache = new(device);
             _depthStencilCache = new(device);
+            _currentState = _mainState;
 
             // Zero buffer
             byte[] zeros = new byte[ZeroBufferSize];
@@ -56,39 +54,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public void Dispose()
         {
             // State
-            _currentState.FrontFaceStencil.Dispose();
-            _currentState.BackFaceStencil.Dispose();
 
-            _renderPipelineCache.Dispose();
-            _computePipelineCache.Dispose();
             _depthStencilCache.Dispose();
         }
 
-        public void SaveState()
+        public EncoderState SwapState(EncoderState state, DirtyFlags flags = DirtyFlags.All)
         {
-            _backStates.Push(_currentState);
+            _currentState = state ?? _mainState;
-            _currentState = _currentState.Clone();
+
+            _currentState.Dirty |= flags;
+
+            return _mainState;
         }
 
-        public void SaveAndResetState()
+        public PredrawState SavePredrawState()
         {
-            _backStates.Push(_currentState);
+            return new PredrawState
-            _currentState = new();
+            {
+                CullMode = _currentState.CullMode,
+                DepthStencilUid = _currentState.DepthStencilUid,
+                Topology = _currentState.Topology,
+                Viewports = _currentState.Viewports.ToArray(),
+            };
         }
 
-        public void RestoreState()
+        public void RestorePredrawState(PredrawState state)
         {
-            if (_backStates.Count > 0)
+            _currentState.CullMode = state.CullMode;
-            {
+            _currentState.DepthStencilUid = state.DepthStencilUid;
-                _currentState = _backStates.Pop();
+            _currentState.Topology = state.Topology;
+            _currentState.Viewports = state.Viewports;
 
-                // Mark the other state as dirty
+            _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.CullMode | DirtyFlags.DepthStencil | DirtyFlags.Viewports;
-                _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.All;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "No state to restore");
-            }
         }
 
         public void SetClearLoadAction(bool clear)
@@ -267,81 +264,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
         private void SetRenderPipelineState(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder)
         {
-            var renderPipelineDescriptor = new MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor();
+            MTLRenderPipelineState pipelineState = _currentState.Pipeline.CreateRenderPipeline(_device, _currentState.RenderProgram);
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxColorAttachments; i++)
-            {
-                if (_currentState.RenderTargets[i] != null)
-                {
-                    var pipelineAttachment = renderPipelineDescriptor.ColorAttachments.Object((ulong)i);
-                    pipelineAttachment.PixelFormat = _currentState.RenderTargets[i].GetHandle().PixelFormat;
-                    pipelineAttachment.SourceAlphaBlendFactor = MTLBlendFactor.SourceAlpha;
-                    pipelineAttachment.DestinationAlphaBlendFactor = MTLBlendFactor.OneMinusSourceAlpha;
-                    pipelineAttachment.SourceRGBBlendFactor = MTLBlendFactor.SourceAlpha;
-                    pipelineAttachment.DestinationRGBBlendFactor = MTLBlendFactor.OneMinusSourceAlpha;
-                    pipelineAttachment.WriteMask = _currentState.RenderTargetMasks[i];
-
-                    if (_currentState.BlendDescriptors[i] != null)
-                    {
-                        var blendDescriptor = _currentState.BlendDescriptors[i].Value;
-                        pipelineAttachment.SetBlendingEnabled(blendDescriptor.Enable);
-                        pipelineAttachment.AlphaBlendOperation = blendDescriptor.AlphaOp.Convert();
-                        pipelineAttachment.RgbBlendOperation = blendDescriptor.ColorOp.Convert();
-                        pipelineAttachment.SourceAlphaBlendFactor = blendDescriptor.AlphaSrcFactor.Convert();
-                        pipelineAttachment.DestinationAlphaBlendFactor = blendDescriptor.AlphaDstFactor.Convert();
-                        pipelineAttachment.SourceRGBBlendFactor = blendDescriptor.ColorSrcFactor.Convert();
-                        pipelineAttachment.DestinationRGBBlendFactor = blendDescriptor.ColorDstFactor.Convert();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (_currentState.DepthStencil != null)
-            {
-                switch (_currentState.DepthStencil.GetHandle().PixelFormat)
-                {
-                    // Depth Only Attachment
-                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth16Unorm:
-                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth32Float:
-                        renderPipelineDescriptor.DepthAttachmentPixelFormat = _currentState.DepthStencil.GetHandle().PixelFormat;
-                        break;
-
-                    // Stencil Only Attachment
-                    case MTLPixelFormat.Stencil8:
-                        renderPipelineDescriptor.StencilAttachmentPixelFormat = _currentState.DepthStencil.GetHandle().PixelFormat;
-                        break;
-
-                    // Combined Attachment
-                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth24UnormStencil8:
-                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth32FloatStencil8:
-                        renderPipelineDescriptor.DepthAttachmentPixelFormat = _currentState.DepthStencil.GetHandle().PixelFormat;
-                        renderPipelineDescriptor.StencilAttachmentPixelFormat = _currentState.DepthStencil.GetHandle().PixelFormat;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        Logger.Error?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Unsupported Depth/Stencil Format: {_currentState.DepthStencil.GetHandle().PixelFormat}!");
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            var vertexDescriptor = BuildVertexDescriptor(_currentState.VertexBuffers, _currentState.VertexAttribs);
-            renderPipelineDescriptor.VertexDescriptor = vertexDescriptor;
-
-            try
-            {
-                if (_currentState.VertexFunction != null)
-                {
-                    renderPipelineDescriptor.VertexFunction = _currentState.VertexFunction.Value;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (_currentState.FragmentFunction != null)
-                {
-                    renderPipelineDescriptor.FragmentFunction = _currentState.FragmentFunction.Value;
-                }
-
-                var pipelineState = _renderPipelineCache.GetOrCreate(renderPipelineDescriptor);
 
             renderCommandEncoder.SetRenderPipelineState(pipelineState);
 
@@ -351,22 +274,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 _currentState.BlendColor.Blue,
                 _currentState.BlendColor.Alpha);
         }
-            finally
-            {
-                // Cleanup
-                renderPipelineDescriptor.Dispose();
-                vertexDescriptor.Dispose();
-            }
-        }
 
         private void SetComputePipelineState(MTLComputeCommandEncoder computeCommandEncoder)
         {
-            if (_currentState.ComputeFunction == null)
+            if (_currentState.ComputeProgram == null)
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            var pipelineState = _computePipelineCache.GetOrCreate(_currentState.ComputeFunction.Value);
+            var pipelineState = PipelineState.CreateComputePipeline(_device, _currentState.ComputeProgram);
 
             computeCommandEncoder.SetComputePipelineState(pipelineState);
         }
@@ -414,14 +330,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
             if (prg.VertexFunction != IntPtr.Zero)
             {
-                _currentState.VertexFunction = prg.VertexFunction;
+                _currentState.RenderProgram = prg;
-                _currentState.FragmentFunction = prg.FragmentFunction;
 
                 _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.RenderPipeline;
             }
-            if (prg.ComputeFunction != IntPtr.Zero)
+            else if (prg.ComputeFunction != IntPtr.Zero)
             {
-                _currentState.ComputeFunction = prg.ComputeFunction;
+                _currentState.ComputeProgram = prg;
 
                 _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.ComputePipeline;
             }
@@ -435,7 +350,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
         public void UpdateRenderTargetColorMasks(ReadOnlySpan<uint> componentMask)
         {
-            _currentState.RenderTargetMasks = new MTLColorWriteMask[Constants.MaxColorAttachments];
+            ref var blendState = ref _currentState.Pipeline.Internal.ColorBlendState;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < componentMask.Length; i++)
             {
@@ -451,7 +366,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 mask |= blue ? MTLColorWriteMask.Blue : 0;
                 mask |= alpha ? MTLColorWriteMask.Alpha : 0;
 
-                _currentState.RenderTargetMasks[i] = mask;
+                ref ColorBlendStateUid mtlBlend = ref blendState[i];
+
+                // When color write mask is 0, remove all blend state to help the pipeline cache.
+                // Restore it when the mask becomes non-zero.
+                if (mtlBlend.WriteMask != mask)
+                {
+                    if (mask == 0)
+                    {
+                        _currentState.StoredBlend[i] = mtlBlend;
+
+                        mtlBlend = new ColorBlendStateUid();
+                    }
+                    else if (mtlBlend.WriteMask == 0)
+                    {
+                        mtlBlend = _currentState.StoredBlend[i];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                blendState[i].WriteMask = mask;
             }
 
             if (_currentState.FramebufferUsingColorWriteMask)
@@ -478,6 +411,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
             // Look for textures that are masked out.
 
+            ref PipelineState pipeline = ref _currentState.Pipeline;
+            ref var blendState = ref pipeline.Internal.ColorBlendState;
+
+            pipeline.ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount = (uint)colors.Length;
+
             for (int i = 0; i < colors.Length; i++)
             {
                 if (colors[i] == null)
@@ -485,7 +423,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                ref var mtlMask = ref _currentState.RenderTargetMasks[i];
+                var mtlMask = blendState[i].WriteMask;
 
                 for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
                 {
@@ -495,7 +433,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                     {
                         // Prefer the binding with no write mask.
 
-                        ref var mtlMask2 = ref _currentState.RenderTargetMasks[j];
+                        var mtlMask2 = blendState[j].WriteMask;
 
                         if (mtlMask == 0)
                         {
@@ -517,18 +455,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             {
                 if (colors[i] is not Texture tex)
                 {
+                    blendState[i].PixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.Invalid;
+
                     continue;
                 }
 
+                blendState[i].PixelFormat = tex.GetHandle().PixelFormat; // TODO: cache this
                 _currentState.RenderTargets[i] = tex;
             }
 
             if (depthStencil is Texture depthTexture)
             {
+                pipeline.DepthStencilFormat = depthTexture.GetHandle().PixelFormat; // TODO: cache this
                 _currentState.DepthStencil = depthTexture;
             }
             else if (depthStencil == null)
             {
+                pipeline.DepthStencilFormat = MTLPixelFormat.Invalid;
                 _currentState.DepthStencil = null;
             }
 
@@ -555,13 +498,32 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         {
             _currentState.VertexAttribs = vertexAttribs.ToArray();
 
+            // Update the buffers on the pipeline
+            UpdatePipelineVertexState(_currentState.VertexBuffers, _currentState.VertexAttribs);
+
             // Mark dirty
             _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.RenderPipeline;
         }
 
         public void UpdateBlendDescriptors(int index, BlendDescriptor blend)
         {
-            _currentState.BlendDescriptors[index] = blend;
+            ref var blendState = ref _currentState.Pipeline.Internal.ColorBlendState[index];
+
+            blendState.Enable = blend.Enable;
+            blendState.AlphaBlendOperation = blend.AlphaOp.Convert();
+            blendState.RgbBlendOperation = blend.ColorOp.Convert();
+            blendState.SourceAlphaBlendFactor = blend.AlphaSrcFactor.Convert();
+            blendState.DestinationAlphaBlendFactor = blend.AlphaDstFactor.Convert();
+            blendState.SourceRGBBlendFactor = blend.ColorSrcFactor.Convert();
+            blendState.DestinationRGBBlendFactor = blend.ColorDstFactor.Convert();
+
+            if (blendState.WriteMask == 0)
+            {
+                _currentState.StoredBlend[index] = blendState;
+
+                blendState = new ColorBlendStateUid();
+            }
+
             _currentState.BlendColor = blend.BlendConstant;
 
             // Mark dirty
@@ -571,7 +533,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         // Inlineable
         public void UpdateStencilState(StencilTestDescriptor stencilTest)
         {
-            _currentState.FrontFaceStencil = new MTLStencilDescriptor
+            ref DepthStencilUid uid = ref _currentState.DepthStencilUid;
+
+            uid.FrontFace = new StencilUid
             {
                 StencilFailureOperation = stencilTest.FrontSFail.Convert(),
                 DepthFailureOperation = stencilTest.FrontDpFail.Convert(),
@@ -581,7 +545,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 WriteMask = (uint)stencilTest.FrontMask
             };
 
-            _currentState.BackFaceStencil = new MTLStencilDescriptor
+            uid.BackFace = new StencilUid
             {
                 StencilFailureOperation = stencilTest.BackSFail.Convert(),
                 DepthFailureOperation = stencilTest.BackDpFail.Convert(),
@@ -591,55 +555,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 WriteMask = (uint)stencilTest.BackMask
             };
 
-            _currentState.StencilTestEnabled = stencilTest.TestEnable;
+            uid.StencilTestEnabled = stencilTest.TestEnable;
-
-            var descriptor = new MTLDepthStencilDescriptor
-            {
-                DepthCompareFunction = _currentState.DepthCompareFunction,
-                DepthWriteEnabled = _currentState.DepthWriteEnabled
-            };
-
-            if (_currentState.StencilTestEnabled)
-            {
-                descriptor.BackFaceStencil = _currentState.BackFaceStencil;
-                descriptor.FrontFaceStencil = _currentState.FrontFaceStencil;
-            }
-
-            _currentState.DepthStencilState = _device.NewDepthStencilState(descriptor);
 
             UpdateStencilRefValue(stencilTest.FrontFuncRef, stencilTest.BackFuncRef);
 
             // Mark dirty
             _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.DepthStencil;
-
-            // Cleanup
-            descriptor.Dispose();
         }
 
         public void UpdateDepthState(DepthTestDescriptor depthTest)
         {
-            _currentState.DepthCompareFunction = depthTest.TestEnable ? depthTest.Func.Convert() : MTLCompareFunction.Always;
+            ref DepthStencilUid uid = ref _currentState.DepthStencilUid;
-            _currentState.DepthWriteEnabled = depthTest.TestEnable && depthTest.WriteEnable;
 
-            var descriptor = new MTLDepthStencilDescriptor
+            uid.DepthCompareFunction = depthTest.TestEnable ? depthTest.Func.Convert() : MTLCompareFunction.Always;
-            {
+            uid.DepthWriteEnabled = depthTest.TestEnable && depthTest.WriteEnable;
-                DepthCompareFunction = _currentState.DepthCompareFunction,
-                DepthWriteEnabled = _currentState.DepthWriteEnabled
-            };
-
-            if (_currentState.StencilTestEnabled)
-            {
-                descriptor.BackFaceStencil = _currentState.BackFaceStencil;
-                descriptor.FrontFaceStencil = _currentState.FrontFaceStencil;
-            }
-
-            _currentState.DepthStencilState = _device.NewDepthStencilState(descriptor);
 
             // Mark dirty
             _currentState.Dirty |= DirtyFlags.DepthStencil;
-
-            // Cleanup
-            descriptor.Dispose();
         }
 
         // Inlineable
@@ -751,6 +683,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         {
             _currentState.VertexBuffers = vertexBuffers.ToArray();
 
+            // Update the buffers on the pipeline
+            UpdatePipelineVertexState(_currentState.VertexBuffers, _currentState.VertexAttribs);
+
             // Inline update
             if (_pipeline.CurrentEncoderType == EncoderType.Render && _pipeline.CurrentEncoder != null)
             {
@@ -925,10 +860,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
         private readonly void SetDepthStencilState(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder)
         {
-            if (_currentState.DepthStencilState != null)
+            MTLDepthStencilState state = _depthStencilCache.GetOrCreate(_currentState.DepthStencilUid);
-            {
+
-                renderCommandEncoder.SetDepthStencilState(_currentState.DepthStencilState.Value);
+            renderCommandEncoder.SetDepthStencilState(state);
-            }
         }
 
         private readonly void SetDepthClamp(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder)
@@ -973,16 +907,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             }
         }
 
-        private readonly MTLVertexDescriptor BuildVertexDescriptor(VertexBufferDescriptor[] bufferDescriptors, VertexAttribDescriptor[] attribDescriptors)
+        private void UpdatePipelineVertexState(VertexBufferDescriptor[] bufferDescriptors, VertexAttribDescriptor[] attribDescriptors)
         {
-            var vertexDescriptor = new MTLVertexDescriptor();
+            ref PipelineState pipeline = ref _currentState.Pipeline;
             uint indexMask = 0;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < attribDescriptors.Length; i++)
             {
+                ref var attrib = ref pipeline.Internal.VertexAttributes[i];
+
                 if (attribDescriptors[i].IsZero)
                 {
-                    var attrib = vertexDescriptor.Attributes.Object((ulong)i);
                     attrib.Format = attribDescriptors[i].Format.Convert();
                     indexMask |= 1u << (int)Constants.ZeroBufferIndex;
                     attrib.BufferIndex = Constants.ZeroBufferIndex;
@@ -990,7 +925,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    var attrib = vertexDescriptor.Attributes.Object((ulong)i);
                     attrib.Format = attribDescriptors[i].Format.Convert();
                     indexMask |= 1u << attribDescriptors[i].BufferIndex;
                     attrib.BufferIndex = (ulong)attribDescriptors[i].BufferIndex;
@@ -1000,11 +934,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
             for (int i = 0; i < bufferDescriptors.Length; i++)
             {
-                var layout = vertexDescriptor.Layouts.Object((ulong)i);
+                ref var layout = ref pipeline.Internal.VertexBindings[i];
 
                 if ((indexMask & (1u << i)) != 0)
                 {
-                    layout.Stride = (ulong)bufferDescriptors[i].Stride;
+                    layout.Stride = (uint)bufferDescriptors[i].Stride;
 
                     if (layout.Stride == 0)
                     {
@@ -1017,7 +951,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                         if (bufferDescriptors[i].Divisor > 0)
                         {
                             layout.StepFunction = MTLVertexStepFunction.PerInstance;
-                            layout.StepRate = (ulong)bufferDescriptors[i].Divisor;
+                            layout.StepRate = (uint)bufferDescriptors[i].Divisor;
                         }
                         else
                         {
@@ -1028,20 +962,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    layout.Stride = 0;
+                    layout = new();
                 }
             }
 
             // Zero buffer
             if ((indexMask & (1u << (int)Constants.ZeroBufferIndex)) != 0)
             {
-                var layout = vertexDescriptor.Layouts.Object(Constants.ZeroBufferIndex);
+                ref var layout = ref pipeline.Internal.VertexBindings[(int)Constants.ZeroBufferIndex];
                 layout.Stride = 1;
                 layout.StepFunction = MTLVertexStepFunction.Constant;
                 layout.StepRate = 0;
             }
 
-            return vertexDescriptor;
+            pipeline.VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount = (uint)attribDescriptors.Length;
+            pipeline.VertexBindingDescriptionsCount = Constants.ZeroBufferIndex + 1; // TODO: move this out?
         }
 
         private void SetVertexBuffers(MTLRenderCommandEncoder renderCommandEncoder, VertexBufferDescriptor[] bufferDescriptors)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/HashTableSlim.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
+{
+    interface IRefEquatable<T>
+    {
+        bool Equals(ref T other);
+    }
+
+    class HashTableSlim<TKey, TValue> where TKey : IRefEquatable<TKey>
+    {
+        private const int TotalBuckets = 16; // Must be power of 2
+        private const int TotalBucketsMask = TotalBuckets - 1;
+
+        private struct Entry
+        {
+            public int Hash;
+            public TKey Key;
+            public TValue Value;
+        }
+
+        private struct Bucket
+        {
+            public int Length;
+            public Entry[] Entries;
+
+            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+            public readonly Span<Entry> AsSpan()
+            {
+                return Entries == null ? Span<Entry>.Empty : Entries.AsSpan(0, Length);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly Bucket[] _hashTable = new Bucket[TotalBuckets];
+
+        public IEnumerable<TKey> Keys
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (Bucket bucket in _hashTable)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < bucket.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        yield return bucket.Entries[i].Key;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public IEnumerable<TValue> Values
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (Bucket bucket in _hashTable)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < bucket.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        yield return bucket.Entries[i].Value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Add(ref TKey key, TValue value)
+        {
+            var entry = new Entry
+            {
+                Hash = key.GetHashCode(),
+                Key = key,
+                Value = value,
+            };
+
+            int hashCode = key.GetHashCode();
+            int bucketIndex = hashCode & TotalBucketsMask;
+
+            ref var bucket = ref _hashTable[bucketIndex];
+            if (bucket.Entries != null)
+            {
+                int index = bucket.Length;
+
+                if (index >= bucket.Entries.Length)
+                {
+                    Array.Resize(ref bucket.Entries, index + 1);
+                }
+
+                bucket.Entries[index] = entry;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bucket.Entries = new[]
+                {
+                    entry,
+                };
+            }
+
+            bucket.Length++;
+        }
+
+        public bool Remove(ref TKey key)
+        {
+            int hashCode = key.GetHashCode();
+
+            ref var bucket = ref _hashTable[hashCode & TotalBucketsMask];
+            var entries = bucket.AsSpan();
+            for (int i = 0; i < entries.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ref var entry = ref entries[i];
+
+                if (entry.Hash == hashCode && entry.Key.Equals(ref key))
+                {
+                    entries[(i + 1)..].CopyTo(entries[i..]);
+                    bucket.Length--;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetValue(ref TKey key, out TValue value)
+        {
+            int hashCode = key.GetHashCode();
+
+            var entries = _hashTable[hashCode & TotalBucketsMask].AsSpan();
+            for (int i = 0; i < entries.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ref var entry = ref entries[i];
+
+                if (entry.Hash == hashCode && entry.Key.Equals(ref key))
+                {
+                    value = entry.Value;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            value = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/HelperShader.cs

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         private readonly IProgram _programDepthStencilClear;
         private readonly IProgram _programStrideChange;
 
+        private readonly EncoderState _helperShaderState = new();
+
         public HelperShader(MTLDevice device, MetalRenderer renderer, Pipeline pipeline)
         {
             _device = device;
@@ -80,8 +82,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             bool linearFilter,
             bool clear = false)
         {
-            // Save current state
+            _pipeline.SwapState(_helperShaderState);
-            _pipeline.SaveAndResetState();
 
             const int RegionBufferSize = 16;
 
@@ -141,8 +142,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _pipeline.SetPrimitiveTopology(PrimitiveTopology.TriangleStrip);
             _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
 
+            // Cleanup
+            if (clear)
+            {
+                _pipeline.SetClearLoadAction(false);
+            }
+
             // Restore previous state
-            _pipeline.RestoreState();
+            _pipeline.SwapState(null);
         }
 
         public unsafe void DrawTexture(
@@ -152,7 +159,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             Extents2DF dstRegion)
         {
             // Save current state
-            _pipeline.SaveState();
+            var state = _pipeline.SavePredrawState();
+
+            _pipeline.SetFaceCulling(false, Face.Front);
+            _pipeline.SetStencilTest(new StencilTestDescriptor());
+            _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor());
 
             const int RegionBufferSize = 16;
 
@@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _renderer.BufferManager.Delete(bufferHandle);
 
             // Restore previous state
-            _pipeline.RestoreState();
+            _pipeline.RestorePredrawState(state);
         }
 
         public void ConvertI8ToI16(CommandBufferScoped cbs, BufferHolder src, BufferHolder dst, int srcOffset, int size)
@@ -229,7 +240,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             const int ParamsBufferSize = 16;
 
             // Save current state
-            _pipeline.SaveAndResetState();
+            _pipeline.SwapState(_helperShaderState);
 
             Span<int> shaderParams = stackalloc int[ParamsBufferSize / sizeof(int)];
 
@@ -252,7 +263,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(1 + elems / ConvertElementsPerWorkgroup, 1, 1, 64, 1, 1);
 
             // Restore previous state
-            _pipeline.RestoreState();
+            _pipeline.SwapState(null);
         }
 
         public unsafe void ClearColor(
@@ -262,8 +273,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             int dstWidth,
             int dstHeight)
         {
+            // Keep original scissor
+            DirtyFlags clearFlags = DirtyFlags.All & (~DirtyFlags.Scissors);
+
             // Save current state
-            _pipeline.SaveState();
+            EncoderState originalState = _pipeline.SwapState(_helperShaderState, clearFlags);
+
+            // Inherit some state without fully recreating render pipeline.
+            RenderTargetCopy save = _helperShaderState.InheritForClear(originalState, false, index);
 
             const int ClearColorBufferSize = 16;
 
@@ -286,7 +303,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
                 1f);
 
             _pipeline.SetProgram(_programsColorClear[index]);
-            _pipeline.SetBlendState(index, new BlendDescriptor(false, new ColorF(0f, 0f, 0f, 1f), BlendOp.Add, BlendFactor.One, BlendFactor.Zero, BlendOp.Add, BlendFactor.One, BlendFactor.Zero));
+            _pipeline.SetBlendState(index, new BlendDescriptor());
             _pipeline.SetFaceCulling(false, Face.Front);
             _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(false, false, CompareOp.Always));
             _pipeline.SetRenderTargetColorMasks([componentMask]);
@@ -295,7 +312,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
 
             // Restore previous state
-            _pipeline.RestoreState();
+            _pipeline.SwapState(null, clearFlags);
+
+            _helperShaderState.Restore(save);
         }
 
         public unsafe void ClearDepthStencil(
@@ -306,8 +325,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             int dstWidth,
             int dstHeight)
         {
+            // Keep original scissor
+            DirtyFlags clearFlags = DirtyFlags.All & (~DirtyFlags.Scissors);
+            var helperScissors = _helperShaderState.Scissors;
+
             // Save current state
-            _pipeline.SaveState();
+            EncoderState originalState = _pipeline.SwapState(_helperShaderState, clearFlags);
+
+            // Inherit some state without fully recreating render pipeline.
+            RenderTargetCopy save = _helperShaderState.InheritForClear(originalState, true);
 
             const int ClearDepthBufferSize = 16;
 
@@ -334,8 +360,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             _pipeline.SetStencilTest(CreateStencilTestDescriptor(stencilMask != 0, stencilValue, 0xFF, stencilMask));
             _pipeline.Draw(4, 1, 0, 0);
 
+            // Cleanup
+            _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(false, false, CompareOp.Always));
+            _pipeline.SetStencilTest(CreateStencilTestDescriptor(false));
+
             // Restore previous state
-            _pipeline.RestoreState();
+            _pipeline.SwapState(null, clearFlags);
+
+            _helperShaderState.Restore(save);
         }
 
         private static StencilTestDescriptor CreateStencilTestDescriptor(

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Pipeline.cs

@@ -57,19 +57,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             TriFanToTrisPattern = new IndexBufferPattern(_renderer, 3, 3, 2, [int.MinValue, -1, 0], 1, true);
         }
 
-        public void SaveState()
+        public EncoderState SwapState(EncoderState state, DirtyFlags flags = DirtyFlags.All)
         {
-            _encoderStateManager.SaveState();
+            return _encoderStateManager.SwapState(state, flags);
         }
 
-        public void SaveAndResetState()
+        public PredrawState SavePredrawState()
         {
-            _encoderStateManager.SaveAndResetState();
+            return _encoderStateManager.SavePredrawState();
         }
 
-        public void RestoreState()
+        public void RestorePredrawState(PredrawState state)
         {
-            _encoderStateManager.RestoreState();
+            _encoderStateManager.RestorePredrawState(state);
         }
 
         public void SetClearLoadAction(bool clear)
@@ -240,8 +240,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
         public void FlushCommandsImpl()
         {
-            SaveState();
-
             EndCurrentPass();
 
             _byteWeight = 0;
@@ -254,8 +252,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
 
             CommandBuffer = (Cbs = _renderer.CommandBufferPool.ReturnAndRent(Cbs)).CommandBuffer;
             _renderer.RegisterFlush();
-
-            RestoreState();
         }
 
         public void BlitColor(
@@ -510,9 +506,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         }
 
         public void SetDepthBias(PolygonModeMask enables, float factor, float units, float clamp)
+        {
+            if (enables == 0)
+            {
+                _encoderStateManager.UpdateDepthBias(0, 0, 0);
+            }
+            else
             {
                 _encoderStateManager.UpdateDepthBias(units, factor, clamp);
             }
+        }
 
         public void SetDepthClamp(bool clamp)
         {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Program.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public MTLFunction FragmentFunction;
         public MTLFunction ComputeFunction;
 
+        private HashTableSlim<PipelineUid, MTLRenderPipelineState> _graphicsPipelineCache;
+        private MTLComputePipelineState? _computePipelineCache;
+        private bool _firstBackgroundUse;
+
         public Program(ShaderSource[] shaders, MTLDevice device)
         {
             for (int index = 0; index < shaders.Length; index++)
@@ -62,8 +66,64 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             return ""u8.ToArray();
         }
 
+        public void AddGraphicsPipeline(ref PipelineUid key, MTLRenderPipelineState pipeline)
+        {
+            (_graphicsPipelineCache ??= new()).Add(ref key, pipeline);
+        }
+
+        public void AddComputePipeline(MTLComputePipelineState pipeline)
+        {
+            _computePipelineCache = pipeline;
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetGraphicsPipeline(ref PipelineUid key, out MTLRenderPipelineState pipeline)
+        {
+            if (_graphicsPipelineCache == null)
+            {
+                pipeline = default;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!_graphicsPipelineCache.TryGetValue(ref key, out pipeline))
+            {
+                if (_firstBackgroundUse)
+                {
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "Background pipeline compile missed on draw - incorrect pipeline state?");
+                    _firstBackgroundUse = false;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            _firstBackgroundUse = false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetComputePipeline(out MTLComputePipelineState pipeline)
+        {
+            if (_computePipelineCache.HasValue)
+            {
+                pipeline = _computePipelineCache.Value;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            pipeline = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
+            if (_graphicsPipelineCache != null)
+            {
+                foreach (MTLRenderPipelineState pipeline in _graphicsPipelineCache.Values)
+                {
+                    pipeline.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+
+            _computePipelineCache?.Dispose();
+
             VertexFunction.Dispose();
             FragmentFunction.Dispose();
             ComputeFunction.Dispose();

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/RenderPipelineCache.cs

@@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
-using SharpMetal.Foundation;
-using SharpMetal.Metal;
-using System;
-using System.Runtime.Versioning;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
-{
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    struct RenderPipelineHash
-    {
-        public MTLFunction VertexFunction;
-        public MTLFunction FragmentFunction;
-        public struct ColorAttachmentHash
-        {
-            public MTLPixelFormat PixelFormat;
-            public bool BlendingEnabled;
-            public MTLBlendOperation RgbBlendOperation;
-            public MTLBlendOperation AlphaBlendOperation;
-            public MTLBlendFactor SourceRGBBlendFactor;
-            public MTLBlendFactor DestinationRGBBlendFactor;
-            public MTLBlendFactor SourceAlphaBlendFactor;
-            public MTLBlendFactor DestinationAlphaBlendFactor;
-            public MTLColorWriteMask WriteMask;
-        }
-        [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InlineArray(Constants.MaxColorAttachments)]
-        public struct ColorAttachmentHashArray
-        {
-            public ColorAttachmentHash data;
-        }
-        public ColorAttachmentHashArray ColorAttachments;
-        public struct DepthStencilAttachmentHash
-        {
-            public MTLPixelFormat DepthPixelFormat;
-            public MTLPixelFormat StencilPixelFormat;
-        }
-        public DepthStencilAttachmentHash DepthStencilAttachment;
-        public struct VertexDescriptorHash
-        {
-            public struct AttributeHash
-            {
-                public MTLVertexFormat Format;
-                public ulong Offset;
-                public ulong BufferIndex;
-            }
-            [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InlineArray(Constants.MaxVertexAttributes)]
-            public struct AttributeHashArray
-            {
-                public AttributeHash data;
-            }
-            public AttributeHashArray Attributes;
-            public struct LayoutHash
-            {
-                public ulong Stride;
-                public MTLVertexStepFunction StepFunction;
-                public ulong StepRate;
-            }
-            [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InlineArray(Constants.MaxVertexLayouts)]
-            public struct LayoutHashArray
-            {
-                public LayoutHash data;
-            }
-            public LayoutHashArray Layouts;
-        }
-        public VertexDescriptorHash VertexDescriptor;
-
-        public override bool Equals(object obj)
-        {
-            if (obj is not RenderPipelineHash other)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (VertexFunction != other.VertexFunction)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (FragmentFunction != other.FragmentFunction)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (DepthStencilAttachment.DepthPixelFormat != other.DepthStencilAttachment.DepthPixelFormat)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (DepthStencilAttachment.StencilPixelFormat != other.DepthStencilAttachment.StencilPixelFormat)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxColorAttachments; i++)
-            {
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].PixelFormat != other.ColorAttachments[i].PixelFormat)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].BlendingEnabled != other.ColorAttachments[i].BlendingEnabled)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].RgbBlendOperation != other.ColorAttachments[i].RgbBlendOperation)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].AlphaBlendOperation != other.ColorAttachments[i].AlphaBlendOperation)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].SourceRGBBlendFactor != other.ColorAttachments[i].SourceRGBBlendFactor)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].DestinationRGBBlendFactor != other.ColorAttachments[i].DestinationRGBBlendFactor)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].SourceAlphaBlendFactor != other.ColorAttachments[i].SourceAlphaBlendFactor)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].DestinationAlphaBlendFactor != other.ColorAttachments[i].DestinationAlphaBlendFactor)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (ColorAttachments[i].WriteMask != other.ColorAttachments[i].WriteMask)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxVertexAttributes; i++)
-            {
-                if (VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i].Format != other.VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i].Format)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i].Offset != other.VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i].Offset)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i].BufferIndex != other.VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i].BufferIndex)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxVertexLayouts; i++)
-            {
-                if (VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i].Stride != other.VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i].Stride)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i].StepFunction != other.VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i].StepFunction)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i].StepRate != other.VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i].StepRate)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
-    class RenderPipelineCache : StateCache<MTLRenderPipelineState, MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor, RenderPipelineHash>
-    {
-        private readonly MTLDevice _device;
-
-        public RenderPipelineCache(MTLDevice device)
-        {
-            _device = device;
-        }
-
-        protected override RenderPipelineHash GetHash(MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor descriptor)
-        {
-            var hash = new RenderPipelineHash
-            {
-                // Functions
-                VertexFunction = descriptor.VertexFunction,
-                FragmentFunction = descriptor.FragmentFunction,
-                DepthStencilAttachment = new RenderPipelineHash.DepthStencilAttachmentHash
-                {
-                    DepthPixelFormat = descriptor.DepthAttachmentPixelFormat,
-                    StencilPixelFormat = descriptor.StencilAttachmentPixelFormat
-                },
-            };
-
-            // Color Attachments
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxColorAttachments; i++)
-            {
-                var attachment = descriptor.ColorAttachments.Object((ulong)i);
-                hash.ColorAttachments[i] = new RenderPipelineHash.ColorAttachmentHash
-                {
-                    PixelFormat = attachment.PixelFormat,
-                    BlendingEnabled = attachment.BlendingEnabled,
-                    RgbBlendOperation = attachment.RgbBlendOperation,
-                    AlphaBlendOperation = attachment.AlphaBlendOperation,
-                    SourceRGBBlendFactor = attachment.SourceRGBBlendFactor,
-                    DestinationRGBBlendFactor = attachment.DestinationRGBBlendFactor,
-                    SourceAlphaBlendFactor = attachment.SourceAlphaBlendFactor,
-                    DestinationAlphaBlendFactor = attachment.DestinationAlphaBlendFactor,
-                    WriteMask = attachment.WriteMask
-                };
-            }
-
-            // Vertex descriptor
-            hash.VertexDescriptor = new RenderPipelineHash.VertexDescriptorHash();
-
-            // Attributes
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxVertexAttributes; i++)
-            {
-                var attribute = descriptor.VertexDescriptor.Attributes.Object((ulong)i);
-                hash.VertexDescriptor.Attributes[i] = new RenderPipelineHash.VertexDescriptorHash.AttributeHash
-                {
-                    Format = attribute.Format,
-                    Offset = attribute.Offset,
-                    BufferIndex = attribute.BufferIndex
-                };
-            }
-
-            // Layouts
-            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxVertexLayouts; i++)
-            {
-                var layout = descriptor.VertexDescriptor.Layouts.Object((ulong)i);
-                hash.VertexDescriptor.Layouts[i] = new RenderPipelineHash.VertexDescriptorHash.LayoutHash
-                {
-                    Stride = layout.Stride,
-                    StepFunction = layout.StepFunction,
-                    StepRate = layout.StepRate
-                };
-            }
-
-            return hash;
-        }
-
-        protected override MTLRenderPipelineState CreateValue(MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor descriptor)
-        {
-            var error = new NSError(IntPtr.Zero);
-            var pipelineState = _device.NewRenderPipelineState(descriptor, ref error);
-            if (error != IntPtr.Zero)
-            {
-                Logger.Error?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Failed to create Render Pipeline State: {StringHelper.String(error.LocalizedDescription)}");
-            }
-
-            return pipelineState;
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/State/DepthStencilUid.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+using SharpMetal.Metal;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal.State
+{
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
+    public struct StencilUid
+    {
+        public uint ReadMask;
+        public uint WriteMask;
+        public ushort Operations;
+
+        public MTLStencilOperation StencilFailureOperation
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLStencilOperation)((Operations >> 0) & 0xF);
+            set => Operations = (ushort)((Operations & 0xFFF0) | ((int)value << 0));
+        }
+
+        public MTLStencilOperation DepthFailureOperation
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLStencilOperation)((Operations >> 4) & 0xF);
+            set => Operations = (ushort)((Operations & 0xFF0F) | ((int)value << 4));
+        }
+
+        public MTLStencilOperation DepthStencilPassOperation
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLStencilOperation)((Operations >> 8) & 0xF);
+            set => Operations = (ushort)((Operations & 0xF0FF) | ((int)value << 8));
+        }
+
+        public MTLCompareFunction StencilCompareFunction
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLCompareFunction)((Operations >> 12) & 0xF);
+            set => Operations = (ushort)((Operations & 0x0FFF) | ((int)value << 12));
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 24)]
+    internal struct DepthStencilUid : IEquatable<DepthStencilUid>
+    {
+        [FieldOffset(0)]
+        public StencilUid FrontFace;
+
+        [FieldOffset(10)]
+        public ushort DepthState;
+
+        [FieldOffset(12)]
+        public StencilUid BackFace;
+
+        [FieldOffset(22)]
+        private readonly ushort _padding;
+
+        // Quick access aliases
+#pragma warning disable IDE0044 // Add readonly modifier
+        [FieldOffset(0)]
+        private ulong _id0;
+        [FieldOffset(8)]
+        private ulong _id1;
+        [FieldOffset(0)]
+        private Vector128<byte> _id01;
+        [FieldOffset(16)]
+        private ulong _id2;
+#pragma warning restore IDE0044 // Add readonly modifier
+
+        public MTLCompareFunction DepthCompareFunction
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLCompareFunction)((DepthState >> 0) & 0xF);
+            set => DepthState = (ushort)((DepthState & 0xFFF0) | ((int)value << 0));
+        }
+
+        public bool StencilTestEnabled
+        {
+            readonly get => ((DepthState >> 4) & 0x1) != 0;
+            set => DepthState = (ushort)((DepthState & 0xFFEF) | ((value ? 1 : 0) << 4));
+        }
+
+        public bool DepthWriteEnabled
+        {
+            readonly get => ((DepthState >> 15) & 0x1) != 0;
+            set => DepthState = (ushort)((DepthState & 0x7FFF) | ((value ? 1 : 0) << 15));
+        }
+
+        public readonly override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return obj is DepthStencilUid other && EqualsRef(ref other);
+        }
+
+        public readonly bool EqualsRef(ref DepthStencilUid other)
+        {
+            return _id01.Equals(other._id01) && _id2 == other._id2;
+        }
+
+        public readonly bool Equals(DepthStencilUid other)
+        {
+            return EqualsRef(ref other);
+        }
+
+        public readonly override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            ulong hash64 = _id0 * 23 ^
+                           _id1 * 23 ^
+                           _id2 * 23;
+
+            return (int)hash64 ^ ((int)(hash64 >> 32) * 17);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/State/PipelineState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using SharpMetal.Foundation;
+using SharpMetal.Metal;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
+{
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct PipelineState
+    {
+        public PipelineUid Internal;
+
+        public uint StagesCount
+        {
+            readonly get => (byte)((Internal.Id0 >> 0) & 0xFF);
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF00) | ((ulong)value << 0);
+        }
+
+        public uint VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount
+        {
+            readonly get => (byte)((Internal.Id0 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF00FF) | ((ulong)value << 8);
+        }
+
+        public uint VertexBindingDescriptionsCount
+        {
+            readonly get => (byte)((Internal.Id0 >> 16) & 0xFF);
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFFFF00FFFF) | ((ulong)value << 16);
+        }
+
+        public uint ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount
+        {
+            readonly get => (byte)((Internal.Id0 >> 24) & 0xFF);
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFF00FFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 24);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Can be an input to a pipeline, but not sure what the situation for that is.
+        public PrimitiveTopology Topology
+        {
+            readonly get => (PrimitiveTopology)((Internal.Id6 >> 16) & 0xF);
+            set => Internal.Id6 = (Internal.Id6 & 0xFFFFFFFFFFF0FFFF) | ((ulong)value << 16);
+        }
+        */
+
+        // Reserved for when API is available.
+        public int LogicOp
+        {
+            readonly get => (int)((Internal.Id0 >> 32) & 0xF);
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 32);
+        }
+
+        //?
+        public bool PrimitiveRestartEnable
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Internal.Id0 >> 36) & 0x1) != 0UL;
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFF) | ((value ? 1UL : 0UL) << 36);
+        }
+
+        public bool RasterizerDiscardEnable
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Internal.Id0 >> 37) & 0x1) != 0UL;
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFDFFFFFFFFF) | ((value ? 1UL : 0UL) << 37);
+        }
+
+        // Reserved for when API is available.
+        public bool LogicOpEnable
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Internal.Id0 >> 38) & 0x1) != 0UL;
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFFBFFFFFFFFF) | ((value ? 1UL : 0UL) << 38);
+        }
+
+        public bool AlphaToCoverageEnable
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Internal.Id0 >> 40) & 0x1) != 0UL;
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFF) | ((value ? 1UL : 0UL) << 40);
+        }
+
+        public bool AlphaToOneEnable
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Internal.Id0 >> 41) & 0x1) != 0UL;
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0xFFFFFDFFFFFFFFFF) | ((value ? 1UL : 0UL) << 41);
+        }
+
+        public MTLPixelFormat DepthStencilFormat
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLPixelFormat)(Internal.Id0 >> 48);
+            set => Internal.Id0 = (Internal.Id0 & 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 48);
+        }
+
+        // Not sure how to appropriately use this, but it does need to be passed for tess.
+        public uint PatchControlPoints
+        {
+            readonly get => (uint)((Internal.Id1 >> 0) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            set => Internal.Id1 = (Internal.Id1 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) | ((ulong)value << 0);
+        }
+
+        public uint SamplesCount
+        {
+            readonly get => (uint)((Internal.Id1 >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            set => Internal.Id1 = (Internal.Id1 & 0xFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 32);
+        }
+
+        // Advanced blend not supported
+
+        private struct RenderPipelineDescriptorResult : IDisposable
+        {
+            public MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor Pipeline;
+            private MTLVertexDescriptor _vertex;
+
+            public RenderPipelineDescriptorResult(MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor pipeline, MTLVertexDescriptor vertex)
+            {
+                Pipeline = pipeline;
+                _vertex = vertex;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+                Pipeline.Dispose();
+                _vertex.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly void BuildColorAttachment(MTLRenderPipelineColorAttachmentDescriptor descriptor, ColorBlendStateUid blendState)
+        {
+            descriptor.PixelFormat = blendState.PixelFormat;
+            descriptor.SetBlendingEnabled(blendState.Enable);
+            descriptor.AlphaBlendOperation = blendState.AlphaBlendOperation;
+            descriptor.RgbBlendOperation = blendState.RgbBlendOperation;
+            descriptor.SourceAlphaBlendFactor = blendState.SourceAlphaBlendFactor;
+            descriptor.DestinationAlphaBlendFactor = blendState.DestinationAlphaBlendFactor;
+            descriptor.SourceRGBBlendFactor = blendState.SourceRGBBlendFactor;
+            descriptor.DestinationRGBBlendFactor = blendState.DestinationRGBBlendFactor;
+            descriptor.WriteMask = blendState.WriteMask;
+        }
+
+        private readonly MTLVertexDescriptor BuildVertexDescriptor()
+        {
+            var vertexDescriptor = new MTLVertexDescriptor();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount; i++)
+            {
+                VertexInputAttributeUid uid = Internal.VertexAttributes[i];
+
+                var attrib = vertexDescriptor.Attributes.Object((ulong)i);
+                attrib.Format = uid.Format;
+                attrib.Offset = uid.Offset;
+                attrib.BufferIndex = uid.BufferIndex;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < VertexBindingDescriptionsCount; i++)
+            {
+                VertexInputLayoutUid uid = Internal.VertexBindings[i];
+
+                var layout = vertexDescriptor.Layouts.Object((ulong)i);
+
+                layout.StepFunction = uid.StepFunction;
+                layout.StepRate = uid.StepRate;
+                layout.Stride = uid.Stride;
+            }
+
+            return vertexDescriptor;
+        }
+
+        private RenderPipelineDescriptorResult CreateRenderDescriptor(Program program)
+        {
+            var renderPipelineDescriptor = new MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Constants.MaxColorAttachments; i++)
+            {
+                var blendState = Internal.ColorBlendState[i];
+
+                if (blendState.PixelFormat != MTLPixelFormat.Invalid)
+                {
+                    var pipelineAttachment = renderPipelineDescriptor.ColorAttachments.Object((ulong)i);
+
+                    BuildColorAttachment(pipelineAttachment, blendState);
+                }
+            }
+
+            MTLPixelFormat dsFormat = DepthStencilFormat;
+            if (dsFormat != MTLPixelFormat.Invalid)
+            {
+                switch (dsFormat)
+                {
+                    // Depth Only Attachment
+                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth16Unorm:
+                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth32Float:
+                        renderPipelineDescriptor.DepthAttachmentPixelFormat = dsFormat;
+                        break;
+
+                    // Stencil Only Attachment
+                    case MTLPixelFormat.Stencil8:
+                        renderPipelineDescriptor.StencilAttachmentPixelFormat = dsFormat;
+                        break;
+
+                    // Combined Attachment
+                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth24UnormStencil8:
+                    case MTLPixelFormat.Depth32FloatStencil8:
+                        renderPipelineDescriptor.DepthAttachmentPixelFormat = dsFormat;
+                        renderPipelineDescriptor.StencilAttachmentPixelFormat = dsFormat;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Logger.Error?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Unsupported Depth/Stencil Format: {dsFormat}!");
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* TODO: enable when sharpmetal fixes the bindings
+            renderPipelineDescriptor.AlphaToCoverageEnabled = AlphaToCoverageEnable;
+            renderPipelineDescriptor.AlphaToOneEnabled = AlphaToOneEnable;
+            renderPipelineDescriptor.RasterizationEnabled = !RasterizerDiscardEnable;
+            */
+
+            renderPipelineDescriptor.SampleCount = Math.Max(1, SamplesCount);
+
+            var vertexDescriptor = BuildVertexDescriptor();
+            renderPipelineDescriptor.VertexDescriptor = vertexDescriptor;
+
+            renderPipelineDescriptor.VertexFunction = program.VertexFunction;
+
+            if (program.FragmentFunction.NativePtr != 0)
+            {
+                renderPipelineDescriptor.FragmentFunction = program.FragmentFunction;
+            }
+
+            return new RenderPipelineDescriptorResult(renderPipelineDescriptor, vertexDescriptor);
+        }
+
+        public MTLRenderPipelineState CreateRenderPipeline(MTLDevice device, Program program)
+        {
+            if (program.TryGetGraphicsPipeline(ref Internal, out var pipelineState))
+            {
+                return pipelineState;
+            }
+
+            using RenderPipelineDescriptorResult descriptors = CreateRenderDescriptor(program);
+
+            var error = new NSError(IntPtr.Zero);
+            pipelineState = device.NewRenderPipelineState(descriptors.Pipeline, ref error);
+            if (error != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Failed to create Render Pipeline State: {StringHelper.String(error.LocalizedDescription)}");
+            }
+
+            program.AddGraphicsPipeline(ref Internal, pipelineState);
+
+            return pipelineState;
+        }
+
+        public static MTLComputePipelineState CreateComputePipeline(MTLDevice device, Program program)
+        {
+            if (program.TryGetComputePipeline(out var pipelineState))
+            {
+                return pipelineState;
+            }
+
+            var error = new NSError(IntPtr.Zero);
+            pipelineState = device.NewComputePipelineState(program.ComputeFunction, ref error);
+            if (error != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Failed to create Compute Pipeline State: {StringHelper.String(error.LocalizedDescription)}");
+            }
+
+            program.AddComputePipeline(pipelineState);
+
+            return pipelineState;
+        }
+
+        public void Initialize()
+        {
+            SamplesCount = 1;
+
+            Internal.ResetColorState();
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * TODO, this is from vulkan.
+
+        private void UpdateVertexAttributeDescriptions(VulkanRenderer gd)
+        {
+            // Vertex attributes exceeding the stride are invalid.
+            // In metal, they cause glitches with the vertex shader fetching incorrect values.
+            // To work around this, we reduce the format to something that doesn't exceed the stride if possible.
+            // The assumption is that the exceeding components are not actually accessed on the shader.
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount; index++)
+            {
+                var attribute = Internal.VertexAttributeDescriptions[index];
+                int vbIndex = GetVertexBufferIndex(attribute.Binding);
+
+                if (vbIndex >= 0)
+                {
+                    ref var vb = ref Internal.VertexBindingDescriptions[vbIndex];
+
+                    Format format = attribute.Format;
+
+                    while (vb.Stride != 0 && attribute.Offset + FormatTable.GetAttributeFormatSize(format) > vb.Stride)
+                    {
+                        Format newFormat = FormatTable.DropLastComponent(format);
+
+                        if (newFormat == format)
+                        {
+                            // That case means we failed to find a format that fits within the stride,
+                            // so just restore the original format and give up.
+                            format = attribute.Format;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        format = newFormat;
+                    }
+
+                    if (attribute.Format != format && gd.FormatCapabilities.BufferFormatSupports(FormatFeatureFlags.VertexBufferBit, format))
+                    {
+                        attribute.Format = format;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _vertexAttributeDescriptions2[index] = attribute;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int GetVertexBufferIndex(uint binding)
+        {
+            for (int index = 0; index < VertexBindingDescriptionsCount; index++)
+            {
+                if (Internal.VertexBindingDescriptions[index].Binding == binding)
+                {
+                    return index;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+        */
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/State/PipelineUid.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using SharpMetal.Metal;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
+{
+    struct VertexInputAttributeUid
+    {
+        public ulong Id0;
+
+        public ulong Offset
+        {
+            readonly get => (uint)((Id0 >> 0) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) | ((ulong)value << 0);
+        }
+
+        public MTLVertexFormat Format
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLVertexFormat)((Id0 >> 32) & 0xFFFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFF0000FFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 32);
+        }
+
+        public ulong BufferIndex
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Id0 >> 48) & 0xFFFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 48);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct VertexInputLayoutUid
+    {
+        public ulong Id0;
+
+        public uint Stride
+        {
+            readonly get => (uint)((Id0 >> 0) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) | ((ulong)value << 0);
+        }
+
+        public uint StepRate
+        {
+            readonly get => (uint)((Id0 >> 32) & 0x1FFFFFFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xE0000000FFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 32);
+        }
+
+        public MTLVertexStepFunction StepFunction
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLVertexStepFunction)((Id0 >> 61) & 0x7);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 61);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct ColorBlendStateUid
+    {
+        public ulong Id0;
+
+        public MTLPixelFormat PixelFormat
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLPixelFormat)((Id0 >> 0) & 0xFFFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000) | ((ulong)value << 0);
+        }
+
+        public MTLBlendFactor SourceRGBBlendFactor
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLBlendFactor)((Id0 >> 16) & 0xFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFFFF00FFFF) | ((ulong)value << 16);
+        }
+
+        public MTLBlendFactor DestinationRGBBlendFactor
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLBlendFactor)((Id0 >> 24) & 0xFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFFFF00FFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 24);
+        }
+
+        public MTLBlendOperation RgbBlendOperation
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLBlendOperation)((Id0 >> 32) & 0xF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 32);
+        }
+
+        public MTLBlendOperation AlphaBlendOperation
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLBlendOperation)((Id0 >> 36) & 0xF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 36);
+        }
+
+        public MTLBlendFactor SourceAlphaBlendFactor
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLBlendFactor)((Id0 >> 40) & 0xFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFFFF00FFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 40);
+        }
+
+        public MTLBlendFactor DestinationAlphaBlendFactor
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLBlendFactor)((Id0 >> 48) & 0xFF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xFF00FFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 48);
+        }
+
+        public MTLColorWriteMask WriteMask
+        {
+            readonly get => (MTLColorWriteMask)((Id0 >> 56) & 0xF);
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0xF0FFFFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)value << 56);
+        }
+
+        public bool Enable
+        {
+            readonly get => ((Id0 >> 63) & 0x1) != 0UL;
+            set => Id0 = (Id0 & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((value ? 1UL : 0UL) << 63);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
+    struct PipelineUid : IRefEquatable<PipelineUid>
+    {
+        public ulong Id0;
+        public ulong Id1;
+
+        private readonly uint VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount => (byte)((Id0 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+        private readonly uint VertexBindingDescriptionsCount => (byte)((Id0 >> 16) & 0xFF);
+        private readonly uint ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount => (byte)((Id0 >> 24) & 0xFF);
+
+        public Array32<VertexInputAttributeUid> VertexAttributes;
+        public Array33<VertexInputLayoutUid> VertexBindings;
+        public Array8<ColorBlendStateUid> ColorBlendState;
+        public uint AttachmentIntegerFormatMask;
+        public bool LogicOpsAllowed;
+
+        public void ResetColorState()
+        {
+            ColorBlendState = new();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < ColorBlendState.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ColorBlendState[i].WriteMask = MTLColorWriteMask.All;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public readonly override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return obj is PipelineUid other && Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public bool Equals(ref PipelineUid other)
+        {
+            if (!Unsafe.As<ulong, Vector128<byte>>(ref Id0).Equals(Unsafe.As<ulong, Vector128<byte>>(ref other.Id0)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!SequenceEqual<VertexInputAttributeUid>(VertexAttributes.AsSpan(), other.VertexAttributes.AsSpan(), VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!SequenceEqual<VertexInputLayoutUid>(VertexBindings.AsSpan(), other.VertexBindings.AsSpan(), VertexBindingDescriptionsCount))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!SequenceEqual<ColorBlendStateUid>(ColorBlendState.AsSpan(), other.ColorBlendState.AsSpan(), ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool SequenceEqual<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T> x, ReadOnlySpan<T> y, uint count) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(x[..(int)count]).SequenceEqual(MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(y[..(int)count]));
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            ulong hash64 = Id0 * 23 ^
+                           Id1 * 23;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int)VertexAttributeDescriptionsCount; i++)
+            {
+                hash64 ^= VertexAttributes[i].Id0 * 23;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int)VertexBindingDescriptionsCount; i++)
+            {
+                hash64 ^= VertexBindings[i].Id0 * 23;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int)ColorBlendAttachmentStateCount; i++)
+            {
+                hash64 ^= ColorBlendState[i].Id0 * 23;
+            }
+
+            return (int)hash64 ^ ((int)(hash64 >> 32) * 17);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/Texture.cs

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
     {
         public Texture(MTLDevice device, MetalRenderer renderer, Pipeline pipeline, TextureCreateInfo info) : base(device, renderer, pipeline, info)
         {
+            MTLPixelFormat pixelFormat = FormatTable.GetFormat(Info.Format);
+
             var descriptor = new MTLTextureDescriptor
             {
-                PixelFormat = FormatTable.GetFormat(Info.Format),
+                PixelFormat = pixelFormat,
                 Usage = MTLTextureUsage.Unknown,
                 SampleCount = (ulong)Info.Samples,
                 TextureType = Info.Target.Convert(),
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             descriptor.Swizzle = GetSwizzle(info, descriptor.PixelFormat);
 
             _mtlTexture = _device.NewTexture(descriptor);
+            MtlFormat = pixelFormat;
         }
 
         public Texture(MTLDevice device, MetalRenderer renderer, Pipeline pipeline, TextureCreateInfo info, MTLTexture sourceTexture, int firstLayer, int firstLevel) : base(device, renderer, pipeline, info)
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
             var swizzle = GetSwizzle(info, pixelFormat);
 
             _mtlTexture = sourceTexture.NewTextureView(pixelFormat, textureType, levels, slices, swizzle);
+            MtlFormat = pixelFormat;
         }
 
         private MTLTextureSwizzleChannels GetSwizzle(TextureCreateInfo info, MTLPixelFormat pixelFormat)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/TextureBase.cs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal
         public int Width => Info.Width;
         public int Height => Info.Height;
         public int Depth => Info.Depth;
+        public MTLPixelFormat MtlFormat { get; protected set; }
 
         public TextureBase(MTLDevice device, MetalRenderer renderer, Pipeline pipeline, TextureCreateInfo info)
         {